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                <h4 id="一、概述"><a href="#一、概述" class="headerlink" title="一、概述"></a><code>一、概述</code></h4><p>在前面的几篇文章中都分别把 <code>ES</code> 的底层工作原理、集群原理等相关内容进行的介绍，为什么这一篇文章我到这个时候才去写？那是因为我在整理一些知识点的时候，希望知识能成体系，并且最好是在了解底层原理之后再去学上层的东西，这样会好理解很多。<code>ES</code> 提供了很多 <code>API</code> ，它们包含几种类型，例如：集群状态查看相关、索引操作相关、类型操作相关、文档操作相关、数据搜索相关等，并且在创建 <code>ES</code> 集群时，集群中也默认会创建几个用于管理 <code>ES</code> 工作的索引，类似于 <code>MySQL</code>的一些 <code>information_schema</code> 这种类型的表，当然 <code>ES</code> 也提供了很多用于操控 <code>ES</code> 的 <code>Rest API</code>，通过这些 <code>API</code> 你能更好的去管理集群的工作方式，其实从全局上去看，<code>ES</code> 的设计理念和关系型数据库有很多方面很类似。</p>
<h4 id="二、常用的-API-操作"><a href="#二、常用的-API-操作" class="headerlink" title="二、常用的 API 操作"></a><code>二、常用的 API 操作</code></h4><p>接下来的篇幅主要对集群状态查看相关、索引操作相关、类型操作相关、文档操作相关、数据搜索相关 <code>API</code> 进行实际操作，在演练的过程中，你应该要能总结出一些规律，这是学习本篇文章的最终目标，好了，那我们现在开始。</p>
<ul>
<li><h5 id="集群状态查看-API"><a href="#集群状态查看-API" class="headerlink" title="集群状态查看 API"></a><code>集群状态查看 API</code></h5><ol>
<li><p><strong>查看集群的健康状况</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /_cat/health?v
</code></pre>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">epoch      timestamp cluster status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
<span class="token number">1618270057</span> <span class="token number">23</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">27</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">37</span>  es-app  green           <span class="token number">3</span>         <span class="token number">3</span>     <span class="token number">20</span>  <span class="token number">10</span>    <span class="token number">0</span>    <span class="token number">0</span>        <span class="token number">0</span>             <span class="token number">0</span>                  -                <span class="token number">100.0</span>%
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>查看节点的状态</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-yaml"><code class="language-yaml">GET /_cat/nodes<span class="token punctuation">?</span>v
</code></pre>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">ip             heap.percent ram.percent cpu load_1m load_5m load_15m node.role master name
<span class="token number">192.168</span>.<span class="token number">56.144</span>           <span class="token number">58</span>          <span class="token number">96</span>   <span class="token number">0</span>    <span class="token number">0.04</span>    <span class="token number">0.10</span>     <span class="token number">0.07</span> dilmrt    -      node<span class="token number">-2</span>
<span class="token number">192.168</span>.<span class="token number">56.143</span>           <span class="token number">46</span>          <span class="token number">96</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>    <span class="token number">0.02</span>    <span class="token number">0.04</span>     <span class="token number">0.05</span> dilmrt    *      node<span class="token number">-1</span>
<span class="token number">192.168</span>.<span class="token number">56.145</span>           <span class="token number">69</span>          <span class="token number">96</span>   <span class="token number">0</span>    <span class="token number">0.02</span>    <span class="token number">0.05</span>     <span class="token number">0.05</span> dilmrt    -      node<span class="token number">-3</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>查看所有索引信息</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-yaml"><code class="language-yaml">GET /_cat/indices<span class="token punctuation">?</span>v
</code></pre>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">health status index                          uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green  open   .kibana-event-log<span class="token number">-7.8</span>.<span class="token number">0</span>-<span class="token number">000001</span> NmPTDXb1SRmVjjyzhNvq6w   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">4</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>     <span class="token number">41</span>.2kb         <span class="token number">20</span>.6kb
green  open   .apm-custom-link               BYWGBKxHSnq9Itl9Cs8GJg   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">0</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>       416b           208b
green  open   .kibana_task_manager_1         dq3EwiPTRNKOzsnfYRnnqQ   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">5</span>            <span class="token number">4</span>    <span class="token number">119</span>.5kb         <span class="token number">59</span>.6kb
green  open   .apm-agent-configuration       k7JyuzJRRDug5NGcZpMWoQ   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">0</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>       416b           208b
green  open   user                           _kWZefX9QlGJOi9njj4yjA   <span class="token number">3</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">2</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>     <span class="token number">14</span>.7kb          <span class="token number">7</span>.3kb
green  open   .kibana_1                      O7ovGCpySxC5WkCs6vGehw   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>         <span class="token number">83</span>            <span class="token number">4</span>      235kb         <span class="token number">95</span>.3kb
green  open   customer                       523Z-PNPRS2IIosyTDfkXg   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">1</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>      <span class="token number">7</span>.2kb          <span class="token number">3</span>.6kb
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>可以发现，凡是与 /_ 相关的请求的 API 都与管理有关，你可以在 Kibana 客户端上输入 GET /_ 可以看到很多智能提示，其实也不难猜出作者的设计意图，竟然是 Restfull API 那么只是是按模块划分的，例如管理某一个模块的 API 地址，前缀应该统一，就像上面的 /_cat/ 相关的。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><h5 id="索引操作-API"><a href="#索引操作-API" class="headerlink" title="索引操作 API"></a><code>索引操作 API</code></h5><ol>
<li><p><strong>创建索引并查看</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">PUT /test_index01
GET /_cat/indices?v
</code></pre>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">health status index                          uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green  open   .kibana-event-log<span class="token number">-7.8</span>.<span class="token number">0</span>-<span class="token number">000001</span> NmPTDXb1SRmVjjyzhNvq6w   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">4</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>     <span class="token number">41</span>.2kb         <span class="token number">20</span>.6kb
green  open   .apm-custom-link               BYWGBKxHSnq9Itl9Cs8GJg   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">0</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>       416b           208b
green  open   .kibana_task_manager_1         dq3EwiPTRNKOzsnfYRnnqQ   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">5</span>            <span class="token number">4</span>    <span class="token number">119</span>.5kb         <span class="token number">59</span>.6kb
green  open   .apm-agent-configuration       k7JyuzJRRDug5NGcZpMWoQ   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">0</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>       416b           208b
green  open   test_index01                   0AsPEoioQ9Wl85UBkJsV1w   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">0</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>       416b           208b
green  open   user                           _kWZefX9QlGJOi9njj4yjA   <span class="token number">3</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">2</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>     <span class="token number">14</span>.7kb          <span class="token number">7</span>.3kb
green  open   .kibana_1                      O7ovGCpySxC5WkCs6vGehw   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>         <span class="token number">86</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>    <span class="token number">242</span>.2kb        <span class="token number">107</span>.7kb
green  open   customer                       523Z-PNPRS2IIosyTDfkXg   <span class="token number">1</span>   <span class="token number">1</span>          <span class="token number">1</span>            <span class="token number">0</span>      <span class="token number">7</span>.2kb          <span class="token number">3</span>.6kb
</code></pre>
<img src="https://gitee.com/CodeJourney/source_file/raw/master/blog_img/image-20210413074237283.png" alt="image-20210413074237283" style="zoom:80%;">

<blockquote>
<p>发现默认配置创建的索引，在集群环境中，只有一个 primary shard 分片和一个 replica shard 副本分片，为了保证分片的高可用性，在创建索引时，最后考虑好要如何进行分片，分多少片。创建索引时候，可用传一个 JSON 串，用于指定索引的行为，例如：</p>
<p>PUT /test_index01</p>
<p>{</p>
<p> “settings”: {</p>
<pre><code>"number_of_shards": 3,  ## 三个主分片
"number_of_replicas": 1 ## 每一个主分片一个副本
</code></pre>
<p>  }</p>
<p>……还有很多属性可用控制索引的行为，这里就自己查询 API 文档啦</p>
<p>}</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p><strong>删除索引并查看</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-yaml"><code class="language-yaml">DELETE /test_index01
GET /_cat/indices<span class="token punctuation">?</span>v
</code></pre>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><h5 id="类型操作-API"><a href="#类型操作-API" class="headerlink" title="类型操作 API"></a><code>类型操作 API</code></h5><ol>
<li><p><strong>获取索引的创建结构（类似于建表语句）</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-yaml"><code class="language-yaml">GET /test_index01/_mapping
返回内容：
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"test_index01"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"mappings"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token key atrule">"properties"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token key atrule">"age"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># doc 包含的字段</span>
          <span class="token key atrule">"type"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"long"</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 字段类型</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token key atrule">"name"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token key atrule">"type"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"text"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
          <span class="token key atrule">"fields"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token key atrule">"keyword"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
              <span class="token key atrule">"type"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"keyword"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
              <span class="token key atrule">"ignore_above"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">256</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><h5 id="文档操作-API"><a href="#文档操作-API" class="headerlink" title="文档操作 API"></a><code>文档操作 API</code></h5><ol>
<li><p><strong>创建文档</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-yaml"><code class="language-yaml">PUT /test_index01/_doc/2
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  "name"<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"wangwu"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  "age"<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">99</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
返回结果：
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_index"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"test_index01"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_type"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"_doc"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_id"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_version"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"result"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"created"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_shards"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"total"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"successful"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"failed"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_seq_no"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_primary_term"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>查看索引中的文档</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-yaml"><code class="language-yaml">GET /test_index01/_doc/2
返回结果：
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_index"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"test_index01"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_type"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"_doc"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_id"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_version"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_seq_no"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_primary_term"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"found"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean important">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_source"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"name"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"wangwu"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"age"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">99</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>修改索引中的文档</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-yaml"><code class="language-yaml">POST /test_index01/_doc/2/_update
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  "doc"<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>"name"<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"八戒取经路"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
输出如下内容：
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_index"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"test_index01"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_type"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"_doc"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_id"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_version"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"result"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"updated"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_shards"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"total"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"successful"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"failed"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_seq_no"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_primary_term"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>删除索引中的文档</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-yaml"><code class="language-yaml">DELETE /test_index01/_doc/2
输入如下内容：
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_index"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"test_index01"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_type"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"_doc"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_id"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_version"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"result"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"deleted"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_shards"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"total"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"successful"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"failed"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_seq_no"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"_primary_term"</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><h5 id="数据搜索-API"><a href="#数据搜索-API" class="headerlink" title="数据搜索 API"></a><code>数据搜索 API</code></h5><blockquote>
<p>查询表达式 Query DSL 是一种非常灵活有富有表现力的查询语言， ES 使用它可以以简单的 JSON 接口来实现丰富的搜索功能</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><p><strong>使用 <code>match_all</code> 表示，搜索所有数据</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">##bank 索引需要事先准备好
GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">"match_all"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>分页搜索，<code>from</code> 表示偏移量，从 <code>0</code> 开始，<code>size</code> 表示每页显示数量</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">"match_all"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">"from"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">"size"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">20</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>搜索排序，使用 <code>sort</code> 表示，例如按照 <code>balance</code> 字段降序排列</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">"match_all"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">"sort"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">"balance"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"order"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"desc"</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>搜索并返回指定字段内容，使用 <code>_source</code> 表示，例如只返回 <code>account_number</code> 和 <code>balance</code> 两个字段内容</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">"match_all"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">"_source"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"account_number"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"balance"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>条件搜索，使用 <code>math</code> 表示匹配条件，例如搜索出 <code>account_number</code> 等于 <code>20</code> 的文档</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">"match"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">"account_number"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">20</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>文本类型字段条件搜索，例如搜索 <code>address</code> 字段中包含 <code>mill</code> 的文档，对比上一条搜索可发现，对于数值类型 <code>match</code> 操作使用的是精确匹配，对于文本类型使用的是模糊匹配,并且忽略大小写</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">"match"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">"address"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"mill"</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">"_source"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token string">"address"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token string">"account_number"</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>短语匹配搜索，使用 match_phrase 表示，例如搜索 address 字段同时包含 mill 和 lane 的文档</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">"match_phrase"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">"address"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"mill lane"</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>组合搜索，使用 <code>bool</code> 来进行组合，<code>must</code> 表示同时满足，例如搜索 <code>address</code> 字段中同时包含 <code>mill</code> 和 <code>lane</code> 的文档</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">"bool"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">"must"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">"match"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"address"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"mill"</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
   <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">"match"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"address"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"lane"</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>组合搜索，<code>should</code> 表示或，即满足任意一个，搜索 <code>address</code> 字段中包含 <code>mill</code> 或 <code>lane</code> 的文档</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">"bool"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">"should"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">"match"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token property">"address"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MILL"</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">"match"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token property">"address"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"LANE"</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>组合搜索，<code>must_not</code> 表示同时不满足，例如搜索 <code>address</code> 字段中不包含 <code>mill</code> 且不包含 <code>lane</code> 的文档</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">"bool"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">"must_not"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"match"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"address"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"mill"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"match"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"address"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"lane"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>组合搜索，组合 <code>must</code> 和 <code>must_not</code>,例如搜索 <code>age</code> 字段等于 <code>40</code> 且 <code>state</code> 字段不包含 <code>ID</code> 的文档</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">"bool"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">"must"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"match"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"age"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"40"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token property">"must_not"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"match"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"state"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"ID"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>搜索过滤，使用 <code>filter</code> 来表示，例如过滤出 <code>balance</code> 字段在 <code>20000~30000</code> 的文档</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-yaml"><code class="language-yaml">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">"bool"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token key atrule">"must"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key atrule">"match_all"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token key atrule">"filter"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token key atrule">"range"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token key atrule">"balance"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token key atrule">"gte"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">20000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token key atrule">"lte"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">30000</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>搜索聚合，对搜索的结果进行聚合，使用 <code>aggs</code> 来表示，类似于 <code>MySQL</code> 的 <code>group by</code> ，例如对 <code>state</code> 字段进行聚合，统计出相同的 <code>state</code> 的文档数量</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"size"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">"aggs"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">"group_by_state"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">"terms"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"field"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"state.keyword"</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>嵌套聚合，例如对<code>state</code>字段进行聚合，统计出相同<code>state</code>的文档数量，再统计出<code>balance</code>的平均值；</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"size"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">"aggs"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">"group_by_state"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">"terms"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"field"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"state.keyword"</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token property">"aggs"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"average_balance"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token property">"avg"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token property">"field"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"balance"</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>对聚合搜索的结果进行排序，例如按<code>balance</code>的平均值降序排列</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"size"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">"aggs"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">"group_by_state"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">"terms"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"field"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"state.keyword"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token property">"order"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token property">"average_balance"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"desc"</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token property">"aggs"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"average_balance"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token property">"avg"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token property">"field"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"balance"</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p><strong>按字段值的范围进行分段聚合，例如分段范围为<code>age</code>字段的<code>[20,30]</code> <code>[30,40]</code> <code>[40,50]</code>，之后按<code>gender</code>统计文档个数和<code>balance</code>的平均值；</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-json"><code class="language-json">GET /bank/_search
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">"size"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">"aggs"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">"group_by_age"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">"range"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"field"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"age"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token property">"ranges"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token property">"from"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token property">"to"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">30</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token property">"from"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token property">"to"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">40</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token property">"from"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token property">"to"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">50</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token property">"aggs"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"group_by_gender"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token property">"terms"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token property">"field"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"gender.keyword"</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
          <span class="token property">"aggs"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token property">"average_balance"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
              <span class="token property">"avg"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token property">"field"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"balance"</span>
              <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
          <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="三、参考文献"><a href="#三、参考文献" class="headerlink" title="三、参考文献"></a><code>三、参考文献</code></h4><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/cohWZy_eUOUqbmUxhXzzNA"><code>参考文献1</code></a></p>
<p>下一篇预告：基于 JAVA API 操作 ES 实战</p>

                
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                        <span class="card-title">ES集群搭建与Kibana+head+IK配置</span>
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                            <i class="fas fa-user fa-fw"></i>
                            八戒取经路
                            
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